Decreasing Global Visibility Linked to Increasing Particulate Matter

From Science Daily (March 13th, 2009) "Air Pollution: Clear Sky Visibility Over Land Has Decreased Globally, Indicative Of Increased Particulate Matter"

A University of Maryland-led team has compiled the first decades-long database of aerosol measurements over land, making possible new research into how air pollution changes affect climate change.

According to the researchers, the visibility data were compared to available satellite data (2000-2007), and found to be comparable as an indicator of aerosol concentration in the air. Thus, they conclude, the visibility data provide a valid source from which scientists can study correlations between air pollution and climate change.

Clean Air News - March 8th, 2009

On March 8th, 2009 (News Every Sunday)
See the last issue on March 1st, 2009

Daily Times, March 2nd, 2009
Increasing air pollution causing respiratory diseases in Pakistan.

Times of India, February, 28th, 2009
Alarm bells ringing for Charminar, Hyderabad, India.

WBCSD, March 2nd, 2009
Asia's biofuel dreams shelved as crude oil tumbles.

WBCSD, February 19th, 2009
China likely to trade emissions by year end.

WBCSD, February 19th, 2009
A vision for low carbon future.

Sun2Surf (Malaysia), March 2nd, 2009
Move away from power plants.

US News, March 2nd, 2009
City Kids Find the Breathin' Is Easier Elsewhere.

New Energy Focus (UK), February 24th, 2009
Assembly proposes wood-fuelled future for Wales (UK).

Biomass Magazine, March, 2009
Contaminated Sites = Renewable Energy Hotspots.

American Chronicle, March 1st, 2009
Threat of Nitrate to our environment and health.

The National (UAE), March 3rd, 2009
Transport plans for rail and road get green light in Abu Dhabi.

TIME, March 1st, 2009
UK tops league for toxic traffic fumes.

The Nation, March 3rd, 2009
Dust masks distributed as smog worsens in Chang Mai.

Iran News, March 1st, 2009
5 New Small Stations to Gauge Air Pollution in Tehran.

Mmegi Online, March 3rd, 2009
Japanese vehicle exports to Botswana to increase.

Online News, March 3rd, 2009
Health impact assessment of particulate pollution in Tallinn using fine spatial resolution and modelling techniques.

Gulf News, March 3rd, 2009
UAE loses Dh10.5b to traffic congestion.

The National, March 4th, 2009
Agency blames two sectors for majority of air pollution in Abu Dhabi.

Grist, March 3rd, 2009
Sweden's ozone layer thickest in decades.

In Today India, March 1st, 2009
Delhi is India's asthma capital.

Ethical Corporation, March 6th, 2009
Coal & Climate Change: Can King Coal Clean Up?

Reason Online, March 2009
Selling Air Pollution: The politics go in before the market goes on.

Bangkok Post, March 8th, 2009
Bangkok Footpaths.

US-China Today, March 6th, 2009
China Goes Green?

Science Daily, March 8th, 2009
Sunlight Turns Carbon Dioxide To Methane.

Science Daily, March 5th, 2009
Indoor Air Pollution? Samples From Couch Cushions And Drywall Reveal Chemicals Used In House.

Reuters, March 6th, 2009
Has recession trimmed CO2 output? We'll know by 2010.

The Economist, March 5th, 2009
The illusion of clean coal.

The Economist, March 5th, 2009
Carbon Capture: Scrubbing the skies.

Modeling Tools for Air Pollution Analysis & Management

A number of tools have been developed to analyze air pollution and estimate costs and benefits of an array of management options. A number of institutions have developed many useful models to simulate various components of the air quality management (AQM) cycle. Ideally, it would be excellent for all cities/provinces/states/nations to develop a detailed knowledge base and have a working version of all the key appropriate models, but the tools have their advantages and disadvantages at handling the various components of AQM - from emissions to dispersion to impacts assessment. This post provides a summary of such tools available.

SIM-air: Simple Interactive Models for better Air quality (SIM-air) is, free to use, an excel based, multi-utility, integrated air quality management tool covering the aspects of emissions inventory to dispersion modeling to impacts assessment to optimization of management options across multiple pollutants in a co-benefits framework (health and GHGs). The family of tools are supported by a working paper series provided background notes of various modeling techniques and case studies across the world.
http://www.sim-air.org

RAINS & GAINS: The Regional Air Pollution Information and Simulation (RAINS) model for Asia and Europe, developed by IIASA, Austria, is an analytical tool to help decision-makers analyze future trends in energy & emissions, estimate regional impacts of resulting acid deposition levels PM pollution, GHG emissions, and to evaluate costs and effectiveness of alternative mitigation options.
http://www.iiasa.ac.at/rains/index.html

US EPA: A repository of over 50 air pollution models and training kits.
http://www.epa.gov/air/aqmportal/management/links/modeling_resources_tool.htm



MOBILE 6: Developed by US EPA to analyze emission factors for predicting gram per mile emissions of Hydrocarbons, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Dioxide, Particulate Matter, and toxics from cars, trucks, and motorcycles under various conditions. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm 

BenMAP: The Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP), estimates health benefits of PM and ozone pollution.
http://www.epa.gov/air/benmap

HEAT: Harmonized Air Emissions Analysis Tool (HEAT) is developed by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI). HEAT aims at being a multi-national, multi-pollutant, Internet-based database for storing, tracking, and reporting GHG emissions and co-benefit information on NOx, SOx, CO, VOCs, and PM emissions, to provide optional tools to compute emissions from residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, waste buildings, streetlights, etc. and to be an unprecedented data repository on local government energy use, with hundreds of inventories and action plans.
http://heat.iclei.org/ICLEIHEAT/portal/main.jsp

 

APHEBA: Developed by Dr. Luis A. Cifuentes, from the Catholic University of Chile. This is an object-oriented model that quantifies the change in health effects and social benefits associated with a change in ambient pollutant concentrations.
http://www.luiscifuentes.cl

IDEAS: Informed Decision-support for Evaluating Alternative Strategies (IDEAS), developed under the DIESEL program in Bangkok, can be used to analyze and visualize the impacts of various options for pollution management. The primary tasks being pursued on IDEAS involve the development of an appropriate knowledge base and modeling tools relating to the analysis of pollution management options.
http://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/en_air_diesel.html

IVE: The International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) Model is designed to estimate emissions from motor vehicles in developing countries to focus on control strategies and transportation planning that are the most effective. The model includes local air pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions, and toxic pollutants.
http://www.issrc.org/ive/register.html

COPERT 4: This methodology is part of the EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook. The Guidebook, developed by the UNECE Task Force on Emissions Inventories and Projections, is intended to support reporting under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and the EU directive on national emission ceilings.
http://lat.eng.auth.gr/copert/

DSS/IPC: The Decision Support System for Integrated Pollution Control, developed by World Bank, helps the users to assess pollution sources in an area and organize in a systematic way to gather relevant information for to make an informed decision on control options.
http://go.worldbank.org/P5JGYPAWJ0
http://www.unescap.org/stat/envstat/stwes-mo2-air4.pdf

ADMS: The Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling System (ADMS) is an advanced model for calculating concentrations of pollutants emitted both continuously from point, line, volume and area sources, and discretely from point sources. The model includes algorithms which take account of the following: effects of main site building; complex terrain; wet deposition, gravitational settling and dry deposition; short term fluctuations in concentration; chemical reactions; and meteorological conditions
http://www.cerc-uk.demon.co.uk/nophrame/models/adms/admstech.htm

MARKAL: MARKet Allocation model (MARKAL) was developed in a cooperative multinational project over a period of almost two decades by the International Energy Agency. MARKAL is a comprehensive energy/economic model that simulates a nation, region, or state's energy system by representing the technologies and demands for energy services addressing environmental challenges, including acid rain and climate change. Briefly, the model finds the least-cost way to meet a given set of demands for energy services (such as building heating and cooling, or transportation).
http://www.etsap.org/markal/main.html

TAPM: The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) is a software package developed by CSIRO to estimate and analyze spread of air pollution in diagnostic mode.
http://www.cmar.csiro.au/research/tapm/

HYSPLIT: Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, developed by NOAA, is the newest version of a complete system for computing simple air parcel trajectories to complex dispersion and deposition simulations.
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT_info.php

SEI Emissions Workbook: This emissions workbook, co-funded by BOC foundation, U.S. EPA & Sida (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency), summarizes the results of a study comparing existing international emissions inventory approaches.
http://www.sei.se/gapforum/project-details.php#1
Manual is here.

TREMOVE: This is a policy assessment model, designed to study the effects of different transport and environment policies on the emissions of the transport sector. The model estimates for policies as road pricing, public transport pricing, emission standards, subsidies for cleaner cars etc., the transport demand, modal shifts, vehicle stock renewal and scrappage decisions as well as the emissions of air pollutants and the welfare level.
http://www.tremove.org

WRF: The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is a next-generation mesocale numerical weather prediction system designed to serve both operational forecasting and atmospheric research needs. It features multiple dynamical cores, a 3-dimensional variational data assimilation system, and a software architecture allowing for computational parallelism and system extensibility. WRF is suitable for a broad spectrum of applications across scales ranging from meters to thousands of kilometers.
http://wrf-model.org/index.php

ATMoS: The Atmospheric Transport Modeling System (ATMoS) is a lagrangian puff transport model, utilized for regional and urban scale modeling of PM (including secondary from SO2 and NOx). The model and supporting material @ ATMoS

Youtube Clips on "Clean Coal" Myth

Why "Clean Coal" is an ultimate climate change oxymoron (Guradian, 2009).
"The Illusion of Clean Coal" (The Economist, March 2009).



Carbon capture won't be possible till 2030 (Guardian, 2009)



Cohen Brothers on Reality of Coal



There is no such thing as clean coal.





Coal is dirty.

Quantifying Impact of Idling on Air Quality

Access the working paper here.

In a number of cities, vehicular congestion on roads is a growing problem. Now a range of innovative ways exist to know, in advance, where the congestion is, what roads to avoid at certain times, and what alternatives exist. While the time and resources (fuel) are wasted sitting in congestion, an invisible problem hurting the human health, the most, is the extra pollution due to idling.

This piece is an effort to quantify these emissions due to idling on road and illustrate a methodology.

Please note that the calculations presented are subjected to authors assumptions and approximations, and the reader should pay attention to the methodology and use the parameters presented with discretion.

Click on the tables to enlarge view.

In a previous post, a set of average emission factors (gm/km) for various vehicular categories were presented and summarized below.



Lets assume an average mileage (km/lit), as shown below, for the mix of vehicles presented in the above table.



Now, gm/km * km/lit = gm/lit
This would result in the emission per liter of fuel (gm/lit), for the mileage assumed for the vehicular fleet and the results are summarized below.



On an average, idling is assumed to consume about 1 liter per hour for cars and about 2 liter a medium size heavy duty vehicle. An average amount of fuel required for idling (lit/hr) is presented in the table below.



On an average, for an urban vehicular fleet, the following VKT is assumed (km/day). For more on how to survey the on road fleet for VKT's, see the SIM-series.



How much is the idling in real time?
This is THE question and the answer will guide the rest of the calculations and any conclusions will depend on this assumption. My assumed idling minutes (mins/day) are below.



In the above table, a higher value is assumed for the buses because of their multiple trips and the amount of time they spend on the road, compared to the 2Ws or Cars, which depend on the usage type (work or personal). These assumptions also depend on the local travel conditions.

Now, total emissions due to driving (gm/day/vehicles) = gm/km * km/day, which results in the following table, with units of gm of pollutant emitted per day each category of vehicle, for that many km's of travel per day.



Now, total emissions due to idling (gm/day/vehicle) = gm/lit * lit/hr * mins of idling/60, which results in the following table with units of gm of pollutant emitted per day for each category of vehicles, for the assumed amount of idling per day.



An interesting analysis lies in the table below, which presents the percent of emissions due to idling for the assumed scenario.



The percent emissions due to idling per day and per vehicle, for 2Ws and Cars, is proportionally high due to their less VKT's compared to HDVs or Buses.

At an individual level, the 2Ws and Cars look like they emit less, but when multiplied with the number of vehicles on road, their portion of total emissions is high and their impact on local air pollution (and human health) is very evident, along with the trucks and buses.

Note that these calculations will be different, with any of the numbers changed.

Having said that, it is important to note that idling is increasingly contributing more to the air pollution than before and lot of can be avoided by either using the vehicles less at the personal end and a better traffic management at the policy end.

See some analysis on impact of idling by Dr. Suvrat Kher for Pune, India.

Gulf News, March 3rd, 2009 - UAE loses Dh10.5b to traffic congestion.

Please turn off your engine, if you are going to idle for more than 30 sec.

Clean Air News - March 1st, 2009

On March 1st, 2009 (News Every Sunday)
See the last issue on February 22, 2009

Progressive Democrats of America, February 21st, 2009
Coal Ash: The Hidden Story.

The Guardian, February 22nd, 2009
NASA launches carbon dioxide tracker satellite.

The Guardian, February 24th, 2009
NASA's CO2 satellite crashes into Antarctic ocean.

World Watch Institute, February 19th, 2009
In Amsterdam, the Bicycle Still Rules.

Grist, February 18th, 2009
Biofuels may speed up, not slow global warming.

China Dialogue, February 20th, 2009
China and US must lead the Climate dialogue.

Reuters, February 22nd, 2009
Afghans face another crisis: air pollution.

The Guardian, February 23rd, 2009
West blamed for rapid increase in China's CO2.

Carbon Offset Daily, February 22nd, 2009
Delhi Metro prevents emission of 90,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide.

Bongkok Post, February 23rd, 2009
Authorities to monitor air pollution in Chang Mai.

Yale Environment 360, February 23rd, 2009
The Dam Building Boom: Right Path to Clean Energy?

AlterNet, February 19th, 2009
So Climate Change Is Real, Now What?

Jakarta Globe, February 19th, 2009
50% of Jakarta’s Professionals May Be Literally Sick of Work Due to Air Quality.

Euro Alert, February 24th, 2009
Budapest wins European Mobility Week Award 2008.

Business Green (UK), February 24th, 2009
Government rewards London for tackling congestion.

Epoch News, February 24th, 2009
China Faces Environmental Health Challenges.

Washington Post, February 24th, 2009
U.S. May Set Greenhouse Gas Standard for Cars.

China Daily, February 24th, 2009
Water, air pollution in China still serious.

Times of India, February 24th, 2009
Pune's feeder service plan get World Bank boost.

Platinum News, February 25th, 2009
US EPA ordered to review particulate pollution standards.

Yahoo Finance, February 25th, 2009
New Air Pollution Study Reports Clean Alternative Fuels Gains at Top U.S. and International Container Shipping Ports.

MSNBC, February 27th, 2009
Ships big source of particulate pollution.

Science Daily, February 24th, 2009
Rich Countries’ Invisible Carbon Dioxide Emissions - Exports from China.

Science Daily, February 25th, 2009
Climate Change Is Not Taken Seriously Because Media Is Not Highlighting Its Significance.

Science Daily, February 25th, 2009
Scientist Models The Mysterious Travels Of Greenhouse Gas.

The Guardian, February 24th, 2009
China's growth is no figleaf for the real source of CO2 emissions.

Cebu Daily (Philippines), February 26th, 2009
BRT corridor feasibility study in Cebu.

Oil Drum (Europe), February 26th, 2009
Costs and environmental impacts of electric cars.

Times of India, February 27th, 2009
Kolkata choked by air pollution.

Thai News, February 27th, 2009
Smog Problem Still Worrisome in Northern Provinces.

Science Daily, February 27th, 2009
Indoor Air Pollution Increases Asthma Symptoms.

Science Daily, February 27th, 2009
Commercial Ships Spew Half As Much Particulate Pollution As World's Cars.

Reuters, February 27th, 2009
U.S. urged to lead China into carbon emission cuts.

Guardian, February 26th, 2009
Why 'clean coal' is the ultimate climate change oxymoron.

Guardian, February 27th, 2009
Driving to disaster - We need a worldwide 50% fuel economy improvement by 2050.

Grist, February 28th, 2009
China's environment problems serious.

New York Times, February 24th, 2009
US E.P.A. Is Told to Reconsider Its Standards on Pollutants.

NASA "Takes Aim at Climate Change" via hip-hop (Youtube)

Follow the link to download and learn more.

Clean Air News - February 22nd, 2009

On February 22nd, 2009 (News Every Sunday)
See the last issue on February 15, 2009

UNEP, February 18th, 2009
Environmental assessment of Beijing 2008 Olympics.

Washington Post, February 15th, 2009
Pace of Climate Change Exceeds Estimates.

Sunday Herald, February 15th, 2009
Cockenzie power station 'the dirtiest in Europe'.

Science Daily, February 16th, 2009
Air Pollution Too High Near Some US Schools.

The Guardian, February 16th, 2009
The tropics on fire: scientist's grim vision of global warming.

The Guardian, February 16th, 2009
From crisis to opportunity - Eco-friendly investment.

The Guardian, February 15th, 2009
Coal at centre of fierce new climate battle.

New York Times, February 14th, 2009
Is America Ready to Quit Coal?

AlterNet, February 14th, 2009
Here're the Top 5 Myths About Coal.

New Vision (Uganda), February 10th, 2009
Do we have to live with pollution?

Scientific American, February 12th, 2009
Coal-Fired Power Plants Will Need Better Carbon Capture and Storage Technology.

BBC, February 17th, 2009
Climate curbs need 'people power'.

BBC, February 18th, 2009
London children in asthma study.

BBC, April 10th, 2008
Emissions fines exceed £500,000 in London.

Pollution Online, February 17th, 2009
End-Of-Pipe Air Pollution Control Equipment Market In Europe To Reach $5.5B By 2015.

Science Daily, February 16th, 2009
Pollution-related Asthma May Start In The Womb.

Science Daily, February 18th, 2009
Environmental Impact Of Building Construction Can Now Be Predicted.

Guardian, February 17th, 2009
Tales of our environmental demise are greatly exaggerated – coal reserves are dwindling, and lower emissions will follow.

Grist, February 17th, 2009
Nearly 1,500 more cars in Beijing daily.

Technology Review, February 9th, 2009
Personal Rapid Transit Startup.

Technology Review, February 10th, 2009
Cutting Coal Use with Sunshine.

FinChannel, February 18th, 2009
Peru/World Bank: US$330 Million to Support the Environment.

Times of India, February 18th, 2009
New Buses for Indian Cities under JNNURM.

Mercury News, February 17th, 2009
SoCal ports to start collecting environmental fee to support clean-air initiative.

Pittsburgh Tribune, February 18th, 2009
Cleaner bus air in pipeline for school children.

Telegraph (UK), February 17th, 2009
Lack of sunlight could increase risk of pollution-related asthma.

UNCTAD, February 19th, 2009
Maritime transport and the climate change challenge.

New Tork Times, February 19th, 2009
Who should regulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

LA Times, February 19th, 2009
California budget plan would weaken air pollution rules.

Las Vegas Sun, February 19th, 2009
Change in the air for regulatory emissions from power plants.

EU, February 19th, 2009
Africa most afflicted by climate change.

FinChannel, February 20th, 2009
ADB to Help Asian Cities Provide Clean, Inclusive Transport.

Times of India, February 20th, 2009
UK envoy slams govt on pollution.

Grist, February 19th, 2009
Anti-coal activists get a boost from Tennessee ash spill and other mishaps.

Christian Science Monitor, February 20th, 2009
US EPA expected to act on CO2 emissions.

Worldwide Air Traffic Simulation for 24 Hours

A report on the impact of aviation on global atmosphere is available at IPCC website.

The potential effects that aviation has had in the past and may have in the future on both stratospheric ozone depletion and global climate change are covered. The state of understanding of the relevant science of the atmosphere, aviation technology, and socio-economic issues associated with mitigation options is assessed.

Calculate your air travel emissions @ Green Seat

Environmental Assessment of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games (UNEP)

This UNEP report reviews all the environmental measures that Beijing took for the 2008 Olympic Games. Compiled by independent experts, it reveals that Beijing met or surpassed environmental commitments in several areas including energy, transport and green venues – and that several of these measures have left a lasting legacy for Beijing.

The assessment, conducted by independently appointed assessors (Prof. Greg Carmichael, University of Iowa), finds that the Beijing Olympics met or exceeded many of its environmental goals. Among the achievements highlighted in the assessment are: the increase in blue sky days from less than 180 days in 2000 to 274 days in 2008, and an increase in public awareness of air quality in Beijing; a significant increase in green space in Beijing; and tighter vehicle emission standards, which were the equivalent of Euro IV emissions standards for cars. The assessment recommends, inter alia, that there is a need to: agree on a harmonized standard to measure carbon neutrality in sport; fully engage with non-governmental organizations; and institute mandatory guidelines for Olympic suppliers on materials.

For full report and details follow to UNEP link.

Previous posts on air pollution in Beijing, China

• More new cars are registered in 2009 in Beijing, China
  
• Transport Emissions Inventory for China
• Photo Diary of Air Pollution in Beijing
• Sensing air quality in Beijing (Interactive Maps)
• Beijing still hazy !!
• Air pollution in Beijing
• Air Quality Monitoring in Asia
• Air Quality Index in Urban Centers

Nearly 1,500 more Cars per Day in Beijing, China

In Grist, February 17th, 2009.

Nearly 1,500 cars a day have been added to Beijing's streets since the start of the year, state media said on Tuesday, indicating new curbs on driving had not dampened the desire for automobiles. The already gridlocked and heavily polluted Chinese capital registered 65,970 new motor vehicles in the first 45 days of the year, a daily increase of 1,466, Xinhua news agency said, quoting the municipal traffic authority. That compares with about 1,350 new cars added daily in 2008, according to city figures. Read more here.



Previous posts on air pollution in Beijing, China

• Transport Emissions Inventory for China
• Photo Diary of Air Pollution in Beijing
• Sensing air quality in Beijing (Interactive Maps)
• Beijing still hazy !!
• Air pollution in Beijing
• Air Quality Monitoring in Asia
• Air Quality Index in Urban Centers

U.N. says Beijing Games largely met "green" targets (Reuters, February 18th, 2009)

Environmental Impacts Of Building Construction

From Science Daily, February 18th, 2009

A team of researchers from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) has developed a method that makes it possible to evaluate the environmental impacts caused during the construction of buildings in advance. Before beginning the works, with just the project data, the new method makes it possible to predict up to 37 environmental impacts (including emissions into the air, water spills, waste generation, soil pollution, resource consumption, local impacts, impacts associated with transportation, effects on biodiversity and emergency situations and incidents). This information, according to the creators, could help improve environmental management in the construction processes.

Read more here.

Clean Air News - February 15th, 2009

On February 15th, 2009 (News Every Sunday)
See the last issue on February 8th, 2009

Gulf Daily News, February 7th, 2009
Asthma alerts as pollution raises in Bahrain.

Scotsman, February 8th, 2009
Green groups fume as street pollution soars.

Salt Lake Tribune, February 8th, 2009
Dirty-air problem is growing in Utah, US.

Hindustan Times, February 10th, 2009
Delhi beats Mumbai in eco-concern.

Times of India, February 8th, 2009
BRTS dream may go bust.

Forbes, February 9th, 2009
Coal May Dash Climate Hopes In Southeast Asia.

Economist, February 11th, 2009
Two new Satellites will monitor carbon dioxide emissions.

Colaradoan, February 10th, 2009
Idling has bad impact on air.

Times of India, February 11th, 2009
BRTS picture brightens in Ahmedabad, India.

Climate -L, February 12th, 2009
UK mayors sign European pledge on energy targets.

Reuters, February 11th, 2009
Merged climate (co-benefits), pollution fight seen saving cash.

AlterNet, February 11th, 2009
Cleaner Air Really Does Mean a Longer Life.

AlterNet, February 10th, 2009
Do "Clean Coal" Ads Violate FTC/FCC Standards?

EarthZine, December 30th, 2009
'When the Lights Stay On' - A Novel Approach to Assessing Human Impact on the Environment.

South London, February 12th, 2009
Action on shocking "air pollution".

EurActiv, February 12th, 2009
MEPs divided over congestion charges for trucks.

Tacoma Weekly, February 12th, 2009
Port gets grant to reduce pollution.

Science Daily, February 12th, 2009
Aerosols May Have High Impact On Rainfall, Climate Change.

Russian News, February 13th, 2009
Air pollution affects 44% of Russians.

Science Daily, February 10th, 2009
Oil And Gas Production A Major Source Of Dallas-Fort Worth Smog.

Science Daily, February 10th, 2009
Climate Change Increasingly Impacting Investment Decisions.

February 12th, 2009
Reducing Carbon Dioxide Through Technology And Smart Growth.

Reuters, February 12th, 2009
Model sees severe climate change impact by 2050.

Christian Science Monitor, February 13th, 2009
The 'holy grail' of biofuels now in sight.