Saturday, December 30, 2023

Journal Article - Updating Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound (BVOC) Emissions With Locally Measured Emission Factors in South China and the Effect on Modeled Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol Production

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Journal Article - Satellite Data for Environmental Justice: A Scoping Review of the Literature in the United States

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Journal Article - Assessment of the sensitivity of model responses to urban emission changes in support of emission reduction strategies

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Journal Article - How does upgrading an emissions inventory affect air quality simulations?

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Journal Article - Analyzing the efficiency of short-term air quality plans in European cities, using the CHIMERE air quality model

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Journal Article - A quantitative assessment of natural and anthropogenic effects on the occurrence of high air pollution loading in Dhaka

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Journal Article - Acid rain and air pollution: 50 years of progress in environmental science and policy

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Friday, December 22, 2023

Journal Article - Regional background ozone estimation for China through data fusion of observation and simulation

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Journal Article - Evaluation of PM2.5 spatio-temporal variability and hotspot formation using low-cost sensors across urban-rural landscape in lucknow, India

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Journal Article - How City-Specific Policies Can Drive Sustainable Urban Transport

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Journal Article - Estimated impacts of forest restoration scenarios on smoke exposures among outdoor agricultural workers in California

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Journal Article - State-of-the-Science Data and Methods Need to Guide Place-Based Efforts to Reduce Air Pollution Inequity

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Journal Article - Urban Air-Quality Estimation Using Visual Cues and a Deep Convolutional Neural Network in Bengaluru (Bangalore), India

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Data Resource - Global gridded anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants and methane for the period 1990-2050

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Data Resource - CEDS-SatEM Gridded - Bulk Emissions

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Data Resource - CEDS-SatEM Gridded - Speciated-VOC Emissions

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Data Resource - CEDS Version 2021-04-21 Aircraft Emissions Fix

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Journal Article - Targeting two pollutants at a single stroke

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Journal Article - Car-free city improves health

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Wednesday, December 20, 2023

Waiting to Exhale - by Marc Roberts

Dear All,

environmental cartoonist Marc Roberts has graciously agreed and created a piece "Waiting to Exhale", based on a note "jumbo size vacuum cleaners to purify urban air?" I wrote with regards to a giant vacuum cleaner that Delhi Municipality installed in Central Delhi in March, 2010.

Jumbo Size Vacuum Cleaners to Purify Urban Air?

See the cartoon by Marc Roberts - "Waiting to Exhale" in response to our blog piece below (3rd, April, 2010) on installation of a giant vacuum cleaner in Delhi.

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Recently, at the entrance of the Palika Bazaar in Connaught place, the Delhi officials unveiled a giant air purifier. The European manufacturer, System Life, and their Indian business counterparts claim that this is the next innovative approach to clean the air and it is here for the better health of Delhites. See Hindustan Times, and UK Telegraph.

For an ordinary person, who is breathing the polluted air at any of the junctions and along the major road corridors, while stuck in the congested traffic, this sounds like a miracle solution. The machine is here to suck bad air and spew out clean air, with a freshener.

Are the officials suggesting that it is OK to pollute, because we are testing an innovative vacuum cleaner to clean the air we breathe, instead of acting on the technical and policy options, which might even be cheaper and faster to implement?

Air pollution is rising problem in Delhi and the sources are many – inside and outside the city. Growing motorization, coupled with an absence of appropriate road traffic reduction strategy on major corridors, an ageing and ill-maintained public vehicle stock, a sizeable share of two-stroke engine technologies, absence of an efficient public transport system, and inadequate separation between working, living, and moving space, have all led to traffic congestion resulting in longer travel times, extra fuel consumption, discomfort to road users, degradation of the urban environment, and high-level of air pollution in Delhi.

The particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micron (PM10) (and the lesser sizes like PM2.5) is considered the most harmful and routinely average above 150 micro-gm/m3 during the day, when the national standard is 100 micro-gm/m3 and the international health standard is 50 micro-gm/m3 for PM10.

In Delhi, the largest gain in the air quality was observed at the peak of the CNG conversions of buses. And since, the air quality levels have declined gradually over the years, in the residential areas and along the major corridors. The slow moving traffic during rush-hours puts the environment and lives in high danger and consequently stretches the health facilities beyond their capacities. In 2009, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) announced that Delhi is now the “Asthma Capital” of India.

The machine acts as a vacuum cleaner, with an air intake capacity of 10,000 cubic meters per hour and the manufacturer demonstrates that the machine is capable of trapping the harmful PM (for three size fractions) by approximately 70 percent of the air flow. The machine costs ~2.5 crores plus the maintenance.

10,000 cubic meters of air per hour..?

The energy budget needed to reach a significant level of clean air is huge and not realistic.

Air flow, even in study conditions, for a distance of 100m (the operating zone for the machine), a height of 10m (the air we breathe), and an average wind speed of 1 m/sec, translates to 100*10*1*3600= 3,600,000 cubic meters per hour !!

Of this, at a point, 10,000 cubic meters of air is purified per hour. Now, think of a city which is 30km x 30km, at least. How many of these do we need and how effective are they really going to be?

Is this a realistic solution or giving false hopes of doing something?

The air pollution studies in Delhi have shown that the road dust is a major culprit, due to active re-suspension of the dust along the roads. Most often, the dust along the major corridors is swept and piled up, which over the day, makes its way back on the road and adds to the re-suspension. Plus all the vehicular exhaust.

Why aren't the city officials responding by taking measures to reduce the dust? An immediate and cheap option is to cut the road dust. Instead of a vacuum cleaner, get some of the vacuum trucks with water sprinklers in the back to suck dust off the roads, sprinkle some water, so we reduce the re-suspension effects. A truck can cover as much as 40 km in two hours, especially in the morning hours, and might effectively reduce the exposure levels during the rush hour.

While this is an innovative and effective solution for indoor settings like tunnels and subway stations, I have my doubts for using a vacuum station in an outdoor setting like Delhi.

There is no silver bullet for improving air quality, which is a growing problem in a number of cities.

Mitigation is probably the best solution, if the goal is to reduce air pollution quickly and effectively. What Beijing officials did for Olympics was unorthodox, closing down industries and cutting down traffic for the two months, but the series of measures and the event itself gave a reason to think back and realize what is the footprint of the human activities (transport and industries) that we are experiencing in the form of air pollution and related health impacts. Same is true in case of Delhi and the coming commonwealth games.

We need to try everything from promoting the use of public transport, clearing the dust on the roads, changing fuel characteristics at the refineries, curbing garbage burning in the residential areas, and controlling emissions at the industrial stacks, before we can think of vacuum cleaners for outdoors !!

Also see

Journal Article - Can We Vacuum Our Air Pollution Problem Using Smog Towers?

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Journal Article - Air quality modeling in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil: A review

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Journal Article - Strong Impacts of Regional Atmospheric Transport on the Vertical Distribution of Aerosol Ammonium over Beijing

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Journal Article - Modeling of carbonaceous aerosols for air pollution health impact studies in Europe

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Journal Article - Emission inventory of inorganic trace gases from solid residential fuels over the National Capital Territory of India

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Tuesday, December 19, 2023

Journal Article - Fugitive road dust particulate matter emission inventory for India: A field campaign in 32 Indian cities

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Journal Article - European soil NOx emissions derived from satellite NO2 observations

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Video - Accelerate the transition to zero-emission vehicles

Video - Remote Emission Sensing in Practice: Lessons from the CARES project

Video - Measuring vehicle emissions in Jakarta (TRUE)

Video - Why develop the next-generation China HDV emission standard?

Video - Health benefits of reducing vehicle emissions in Europe

Video - 5 Ways to Reduce Traffic Related Air Pollution

Video - Climate Change and Global Warming: Explained in Simple Words for Beginners

Journal Article - Enhanced dataset of global marine isoprene emissions from biogenic and photochemical processes for the period 2001–2020

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Journal Article - Establishing the emission inventory of biogenic volatile organic compounds and quantifying their contributions to O3 and PM2.5 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

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Journal Article - Spatial patterns of the diurnal variations of PM2.5 and their influencing factors across China

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Journal Article - Impact of wildfire smoke on ozone concentrations using a Generalized Additive Model in Salt Lake city, Utah, USA, 2006–2022

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Thursday, December 07, 2023

Journal Article - Achievements and challenges in improving air quality in China: Analysis of the long-term trends from 2014 to 2022

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Journal Article - An intercomparison of satellite, airborne, and ground-level observations with WRF-CAMx simulations of NO2 columns over Houston, TX during the September 2021 TRACER-AQ campaign

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Journal Article - Does Downscaling Improve the Performance of Urban Ozone Modeling?

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Journal Article - Synthesizing evidence for the external cycling of NOx in high- to low-NOx atmospheres

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Journal Article - Improved Spatial Resolution in Modeling of Nitrogen Oxide Concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin

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Sunday, December 03, 2023

Journal Article - Multi-decadal trends and variability in burned area from the fifth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5)

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Journal Article - A better representation of VOC chemistry in WRF-Chem and its impact on ozone over Los Angeles

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Journal Article - Moving Beyond Clean Cooking Energy adoption: Using Indian ACCESS panel data to understand solid fuel suspension

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Journal Article - Variations of Particulate Matter of Tehran City and Its Effects

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Journal Article - Air pollution deaths attributable to fossil fuels: observational and modelling study

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Journal Article - Low-Cost Investigation into Sources of PM2.5 in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Journal Article - Ozone pollution mitigation strategy informed by long-term trends of atmospheric oxidation capacity

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